Hollow fiber membranes have emerged/are gaining traction/present a novel as an essential component in numerous industrial processes. Their unique structure, characterized by a continuous fiber/tubular/walled configuration with a porous membrane layer, allows for/facilitates/enables efficient separat
Hollow fiber membranes are recognized as a versatile and effective technology for water treatment applications. These microscopic fibers offer a large surface area for filtration, enabling the removal of various contaminants from water streams. The unique morphology of hollow fiber membranes enables
This study investigates the efficacy of Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) membrane bioreactors in wastewater treatment. Multiple operational parameters, including membraneconfiguration, hydraulic loading rate, and biomass content, were examined to determine their impact on the treatment capability of t